Work place emotions and attitudes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Work place emotions and attitudes - Essay Example Emotions are an attempt to express outwardly, to express what we believe. How a person feel is a reflection of how he thinks. Negative thoughts produce negative emotions and positive thoughts produce positive emotions. Laws exist about emotions just like there are laws about physics. Every emotion is a result of some thought that preceded that emotion. If a person has a healthy body then how he thinks causes how he feels. How he feels affects how he behaves. And, how he behaves produces results (Pennington and Haslam, N.D.). Attitudes are inclination or propensities, or tendencies, to react in a favorable or unfavorable way toward an object or any situation. Attitudes reflect a person’s likes and dislikes toward other persons, objects, events, and activities in their environment. Attitudes can have a significant effect on the behavior of a person at work. In the world of work we are concerned with attitudes toward supervision, pay, benefits, promotion or anything that might trigger positive or negative reactions. Employee satisfaction and attitudes represent one of the key areas of measuring organizational effectiveness. Attitudes toward supervision, pay, benefits, promotion, or anything that might trigger positive or negative reactions. Employee satisfaction and attitudes represent one of the key areas for measuring organizational effectiveness. Because of the importance of the links of task, contextual, and ethical performance with important measures of organizational effectiveness, one of the key goals of managers should be to create linkages between employee performance and their satisfaction. However, it is not always easy to change a person’s attitudes about their work. The reason is that, attitudes toward work may be only one important aspect of the person’s structure of attitudes. They might be linked strongly to other important ones, making them deeply embedded, and thereby limiting how much managers can succeed in altering the way

The problem of debt crisis and the concept of its solutions in Mexico Dissertation

The problem of debt crisis and the concept of its solutions in Mexico - Dissertation Example The debt crisis is one of the major concerns of any less developed country or any developing country. Starting from the year 1980, every developing country has gone through the phases of debt crisis. Generally, when there economy was performing well lots of private banks and foreign investors invest money. But, as these countries’ economies were based on mainly one or two sectors, any kind of downfall in the demand of the finished products of those sectors ensures the downfall of their economy. As their economical growth was slowing down continuously, they were facing a monetary crisis. Moreover, as the interest rates started to grow, they have to repay more to the borrowing country/institutions. In the case of Mexico, the same thing was happening. Demand for their manufacturing goods started to slow down with the developing economical crisis in the world. As a result their income from export was affected and hence they were not in opposition to repay their loans. That trigger s the debt crisis. To overcome this situation they have to ask for the intervention of the IMF. The intervention of IMF brings about monetary as well as trade names reformation in the country. As the time goes by, Mexico was able to get rid of the crisis. ... INTRODUCTION In finance debt is referred as the purchasing power of tomorrow, in view of today without earning the same. A debt crisis can be defined as a situation when a country or an institution or an individual is overwhelmed by a huge financial borrowing, which in their present financial condition they are unable to overcome. It can be in terms of real goods or money. In any country it is a situation where the concerned country is not in a position to repay the borrowing they have taken from outside the country (from the World Bank or any private banks) and it is surpassing the earnings of the nation. Generally any country can ask for borrowings by means of long term loans (Commercial Bank), short term loans (Commercial Bank), loans from security market by means of bond and debentures and official grants and loans (low interest rate and high repayment term). In Latin America, the debt crisis of 1980s was due to their official grants and their Long their long term loans from comm ercial banks (Oliveri, 1992). The debt crisis is an issue of major concern for any less developed or developing country. Generally these less developed countries have to borrow money from different leading countries or the private banks or World Bank for their growth and economic sustenance. While giving them these advances the lenders take into consideration the current economic condition of the country, future growth prospects, political stability, inflation etc. But in the due course of time due to several reasons which may be political or may be economical that particular nation may face a situation where they are not in a position to repay the loan within stipulated frame of time. Then that particular country is supposed to be in a debt

The Sugar Industry of India

The Sugar Industry of India INTRODUCTION Sugar industry is one of the most important agro-based industries in India and is highly responsible for creating significant impact on rural economy in particular and countrys economy in general. Sugar industry ranks second amongst major agro-based industries in India. As per the Government of Indias recent liberalised policy announced on 12th December, 1986 for licensing of additional capacity for sugar industries during 7th five-year plan, there will be only one sugar mill in a circular area of 40 sq km. Also the new sugar mill is allowed with an installation capacity of 2500 TCD (Tonne Sugar Cane crushed per day) as against the earlier capacity norms of 1250 TCD. Similarly, the existing sugar mills with sugar cane capacity of about 3500 TCD can crush sugar cane tothe tune of 5000 TCD with a condition imposed that additional requirement of sugar cane be acquired through increased productivity and not by expansion of area for growing sugar cane. Cane sugar is the name given to sucr ose, a disaccharide produced from thesugarcane plant and from the sugar beet.   The refined sugars from the two sources are practically indistinguishable and command the same price in competitive markets. However, since they come from different plants, the trace constituents are different andcan be used to distinguish the two sugars. One effect of the difference is the odor in thepackage head space, from which experienced sugar workers can identify the source. In the production scheme for cane sugar, the cane cannot be stored for more thana few hours after it is cut because microbiological action immediately begins to degrade the sucrose. This means that the sugar mills must be located in the cane fields. The raw sugar produced in the mills is item of international commerce. Able to be stored for years, it is handled as raw material shipped at the lowest rates directly in the holds ofships or in dump trucks or railroad cars and pushed around by bulldozers. Because it is not intended to be eaten directly, it is not handled as food. The raw sugar is shipped to th e sugar refineries, which are located in population centers. There it is refined to a food product, packaged, and shipped a short distance to the market. In a few places, there is arefinery near or even within a raw-sugar mill. However, the sugar still goes through rawstage. The principle by-product of cane sugar production is molasses. About 10 15% of the sugar in the cane ends up in molasses. Molasses is produced both in the raw-sugarmanufacture and also in refining. The blackstrap or final molasses is about 35 40% sucrose and slightly more than 50% total sugars. In the United States, blackstrap is used almost entirely for cattle feed.   In some areas, it is fermented and distilled to rum or industrial alcohol. The molasses used for human consumption is of a much higher grade, and contains much more sucrose. Sugarcane characteristics: Sugarcane contains not only sucrose but also numerous other dissolved substances, as well as cellulose or woody fibre. The percentage of sugar in the canevaries from 8 to 16% and depends to a great extent on the variety of the cane, its maturity, condition of the soil, climate and agricultural practices followed. The constituents of ripe cane vary widely in different countries and regions but fall generally within the following limits: Constituent Percentage range Water 69.0 75.0Sucrose 8.0 16.0 Reducing sugars 0.5 2.0 Organic matter other than sugar 0.5 1.0 Inorganic compounds 0.2 0.6 Nitrogenous bodies 0.5 1.0 Ash 0.3 0.8 Fibre 10.0 16.0 Organic matters other than sugar include proteins, organic acids, pentosan,  colouring matter and wax. Organic acids present in cane are glycolic acid, malic acid,  succinic acid and small quantity of tannic acid, butyric acid and aconitic acid. SUGAR INDUSTRY OF INDIA Introduction Sugar is extracted from two raw materials beet root and sugarcane, both produce identical refined sugar. Sugar cane accounts for two-third of the raw material used for sugar production in the world and beet root one third balance of the world production. India is the second largest producer of sugar in the world with 10 to 12% production of the world.( Brazil is the first) In India sugarcane accounts for the key raw material for production of sugar. Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh account for majority of produce of sugar in India. Sugar industry is the 2nd largest agro-processing industry in India accounting for 1 % of India s GDP for fy2005. Indias cultivation area of 4-4.5 million hectare accounts for Indias 2.7% cropped area. The production of sugar has always been in deficit over the demand with production of only 17.5 million tonne over the 19 million tonne consumption for the year 2005-06 a factor leading to industry attractiveness. Key Characteristics of Sugar industry: Capital intensive Government regulated Seasonal fluctuation in the industry(demand increases during festive season) Raw materials constitute major cost No proper substitutes Key success factors (key performance indicators) Capital utilization Optimum utilization of by-products for additional revenue Captive power generation Sugar is one of the oldest commodities in the world and traces its origin in 4th century AD in India and China. In those days sugar was manufactured only from sugarcane. But both countries lost their initiatives to the European, American and Oceanic countries, as the eighteenth century witnessed the development of new technology to manufacture sugar from sugar beet. However, India is presently a dominant player in the global sugar industry along with Brazil in terms of production. Given the growing sugar production and the structural changes witnessed in Indian sugar industry, India is all set continue its domination at the global level. The report provides a comprehensive picture of the Indian sugar market. The status of Indian sugar industry has been compared with the rest of the world in terms of raw material availability, crushing period, size of the sugar mill, production cost and prices in the report. The advantages that Indian sugar mills have over others in cost terms have been emphasized too. Indian sugar industry is highly fragmented with organized and unorganized players. The unorganized players mainly produce Gur and Khandari, the less refined forms of sugar. The government had a controlling grip over the industry, which has slowly yet steadily given way to liberalization. The report provides comprehensive analysis about the structure of Indian sugar industry by explaining the above facets. Besides the classification of sugar products and by- products like molasses, their uses too have been extensively covered. The production sugarcane is cyclical in nature. Hence the sugar production is also cyclical as it depends on the sugarcane production in the country. The report provides extensive information on the production of sugarcane, sugar and other sweeteners in the country in the recent years along with trends and analysis. This also includes a discussion about existing capacities in the country, trends in capacity additions, imports and production of by-products of sugar (molasses and cogeneration of power). The report features a detailed demand analysis discussing the actual demand for sugar and other sweeteners, gur and khandari and their per capita consumption in India. This includes a trend analysis in demand in various regions of the country. The role of exports in the sugar industry has also been discussed. The report gives an exhaustive cost analysis along with the pricing practices. Dual Pricing System is adopted in the Indian sugar industry, which includes sugar price in Public distribution system and the free sale sugar price. An analysis has been provided on the relationship between Indian and international sugar prices. As the industry is a fragmented one, even leading players do not control more than 4 percent market in India. However, the situation is changing and players offlate are striving to increase their market share either by acquiring smaller mills or by going for green field capacity additions. Another notable trend is the shift from Gur and Khandsari to sugar in the rural areas. This should further increase the per capita consumption of sugar in India (currently around 15.6 kg). Besides the Indian urban market is slowly moving towards branded sugar. The potential in this segment seems to be very high. These trends along with the other trends like increase in the production of by-products have been captured in detail. The market shares of the leading players and financials of following players are given in the report. Balrampur chini mills ltd, Bajaj Hindustan Ltd, Andhra sugars ltd, Thiru Arooran Sugars Ltd and Dhampur sugar ltd The major revenue drivers like change in the governments policies and increasing per capita consumption have been comprehensively pictured in the report. The reports ends with outlook for the sugar industry both at the Indian and POLITICAL IMPACT ON SUGAR INDUSTRY Sugar row accentuates Indias political fragility Sugar mills in Uttar Pradesh are yet to begin crushing for this season, which typically begins in November, due to non-availability of raw materials. Reports suggest that sugar mill owners have agreed to pay Rs 180 per quintal for sugarcane, which is Rs 50 higher than the fair and renumerative price fixed at Rs 129.84 per quintal. Farmers are demanding Rs 280 per quintal and have stopped supplies in anticipation of a higher price. Meanwhile, Parliament was adjourned on the first day of its winter session due to protests by opposition parties against the Centres sugarcane price move that discourages states from fixing higher prices. Thousands of farmers protested inDelhiagainst the low, state-controlled sugarcane price. The protests highlights the rural discontent over the governments sugar ordinance. Raw-sugar prices have almost doubled this year, with future contracts recording a 28-year high in September. Sugar stocks tumbled on news of a delay in the crushing season and protest by farmers outside Parliament. Bajaj Hindusthan, Balrampur Chini, Dhampur Sugar, Dharani Sugars, Dwarikesh Sugar, Shree Renuka, and Triveni Engineering fell 5-8%. Andhra Sugar, EID Parry, KCP Sugar, Oudh Sugar Mill, Ponni Sugars (E), Simbhaoli Sugar, Upper Ganges Sugar, and Uttam Sugar were down 2-4%. Ambareesh Baliga  of Karvy Stock Broking says the risk-reward ratio is not in favour of sugar stocks. If you assume that the sugar prices will move up 10-15% from here, Balrampur Chini or Bajaj Hindusthan could possibly move another 10-15% more from here. But if you see the sugar prices coming down 20% over the next 4-5 months, these stocks will crash by more than 30-40% because the good news is already there in stock prices. Sugar prices move in cycles and this is clearly a cyclical industry. We have seen a good part of that over the last 6-8 months. Going ahead, whatever adverse news comes, it will actually batter these stocks. The routine reopening of the parliament has suddenly emerged as an awkward test for the Congress-led governments ability to push reforms such as price deregulation in the face of opposition from its rural base. Tens of thousands of farmers from Uttar Pradesh protesting against low state sugarcane prices forced the postponement of the winter session of parliament on Thursday in a major political headache for the government, re-elected in May. Now, a once-divided opposition seemingly unable to recover from election loss have vowed to disrupt parliament until the government reverses a policy aimed at bringing in more market forces to the sugar industry, one of Indias biggest cash crops. On Friday, the opposition forced an adjournment for a second day, with lawmakers running into the house shouting slogans. The massive street protest that brought much of central Delhi to a standstill also reflected the fragility of political stability in India, with its myriad caste, class and ethnic issues always simmering among its 1.2 billion people. Such a display of opposition unity, has rarely been seen outside parliament, The Economic Times commented on Friday. The UPA government has only itself to blame for giving an issue to the opposition on a platter. The ruling  United Progressive Alliance  coalition has given states greater autonomy in fixing sugarcane prices to help lift restrictions on the heavily regulated sugar sector and stop sugar mills bearing the fiscal brunt of subsidised prices. But a backlash has played into hands of the opposition, including the Hindu nationalist  Bharatiya Janata Party. Bye-bye global politics Only a week ago, domestic politics appeared to be playing second fiddle to international issues, such as global climate change negotiations and Prime Minister Manmohans Singhs visit to Washington D.C. next week. That mood has changed. Buoyant from the closure, protesters say the ball is now in the governments court. The government may hold an all-party meeting on Monday over the issue. We have now adopted the policy of wait and watch for next two to three days, Anil Singh, national secretary of the National Alliance of Farmers Associations. The response to Thursdays rally was satisfying. Now the government has come to its knees. It signals the reform in India will not be plain sailing, despite a large majority for the Congress-led coalition. Singh has promised economic reforms such as the deregulation of state-run sectors, introducing more foreign investment into areas like insurance, and boosting spending on infrastructure to allow India to compete with the likes of China. But some reforms face endangering the Congress partys pro-poor inclusive growth manifesto and dashing hopes of a major revival in Uttar Pradesh, where Gandhi scion  Rahul Gandhi  has reached out to the poor in high-profile campaigns. Any reforms face the stark fact that two-thirds of Indias population lives in villages. One reform, bringing in foreign investment in retail, has already floundered because of opposition in rural areas. Indeed, Gandhi was reported to have phoned Singh over worries that the sugarcane issue could derail Congress inroads into Indias most populous and politically important state. The protest does not mean all of the Congress partys reforms will be in trouble. It still has a clear majority in parliament. For example, most analysts expect the government to raise limits of foreign investment in the insurance sector, a policy aimed at allowing Indias near 40 percent savings rate to be recycled into investment and sustain higher growth rates. Disinvestment, etc, will go on, even though there will be protests as usual, political analyst Amulya Ganguli said. The opposition is delighted to have got an issue. In the evening, the Prime Minister finally gave into political pressure saying that he would amend the sugarcane pricing ordinance in farmer interest. In a latest development it has been learnt that both the houses of the Parliament have againbeen adjourned on sugarcane price issue. Is it the death of FRP or is it just a temporary stalling? How will sugar companies do with or without FRP next year? While Narendra Murukumbi Managing Director at  Shree Renuka Sugars  hails the FRP concept, Investment Advisor  SP Tulsian  considers it to be an ill-conceived move and says that the farmers should be happy with Rs 210 per quintal. However, Murukumbi says, â€Å"We are currently paying Rs 230 per quintal in Karnataka.† Cane prices need to be resolved bilaterally—two-third share to farmers would be fair, he adds. Sugar deficit is a global phenomenon.â€Å"Last year there was a deficit of about nine million tonne. However, this years deficit is probably five-six million tonne and prices have reacted accordingly,† says Kingsman Sas Managing Director Jonathan Kingsman. Though the situation is expected to remain tight, there is a possibility that we move to a surplus from a deficit in 2010-11, according to Kingsman. He expects prices to be maintained in the next few months. On the global footing, Kingsman says the industry knows it has to work together. So in most countries like Thailand and Brazil, there is now a revenue sharing system in place, where in roughly about two-thirds of the revenue go to the cane growth and about one-third to the millers. †That has taken a lot of the politics and a lot of the conflict out of the situation.† Sugar stocks were seeing huge selling pressure on news of sugar companies yet to begin crushing for the season. There were reports that sugar mill owners have agreed to pay Rs 180 per quintal for sugarcane. The farmers were demanding Rs 200 plus for the same. The crushing could not start as farmers have stopped supplies in anticipation of higher price. Bajaj Hindusthan,  Balrampur Chini,  Dhampur Sugar,Dharani Sugars,Dwarikesh Sugar,  Shree Renuka  and  Triveni Engg  fell 5-8%. Andhra Sugar, EID Parry, KCP Sugar, Oudh Sugar Mill, Ponni Sugars (E), Simbhaoli Sugar, Upper Ganges Sugar and Uttam Sugar were down 2-4% Q: What should one expect from our neck of the woods? A: On day one and probably through first few days this entire battle of sugarcane prices will dominate the Parliaments Winter Session. Sugarcane farmers have picketed the Parliament and the entire opposition  Mulayam Singh Yadav  to  Ajit Singh  to Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP)is also united on this one issue. I think this will be a precursor to wider debate that is likely to take place on Parliament on rising prices per se. However, this opposition unity, which is critical, is unlikely to hold because of the Pension Bill. The one economic legislation that, perhaps, could be at least debated in this session of the parliament, at least the government says it is determined to put it before parliament is the Pension Bill. So when that bill comes across will this unity within the Parliament stay, particularly, in the Rajya Sabha led by the Left and prevent legislation from going through? That is the space we will have to see, but at the moment, it seems that rising prices will create some element of opposition unity in the first few days of Parliament. Q: Was it a surprise that insurance did not make it this time or was is expected that it wouldnt get taken up for discussion in the Winter Session? A: What is happening is that the government is going step by step.  Pranab Mukherjees strategy is to try and get legislation through in an incremental manner. The fact is that the Insurance Bill is still before a Standing Committee and there is still discussion going on. So rather than bring it in the Winter Session, when it seems unlikely that it will go through, it will probably come up in the next sessionthe budget sessionin February. However, it seems at the moment that governments focus as far as economic legislation is primarily on the Pension Bill, can it get that bill through? I think that will be a test of the governments attempt to build some kind of consensus on critical economic reforms. Q: There has been a fairly clearly laid out divestment policy as we step into the Winter Session, might that come up for discussion or is that a done deal and the government will go about its business? A:  Pranab Mukherjees strategy is to do this by stealth, which means you dont necessarily have to bring any legislation when it concerns disinvestment before Parliament. There could be a debate on it; but the government is now determined to use the Cabinet route rather than the Parliament route to pass contentious economic legislations. I expect in the next couple of months many more PSUs to be on the chopping block. The government is very clear, before the next budget in February at least three-four more PSUs will be part of the disinvestment roadmap that the Finance Minister has drawn for himself. Q: So from our part of the world do you expect a likely dull session or exciting? A: The good news is that politics seem to mater less and less. The fact is that you have got a government which has a remarkable victory in the general elections and then again inMaharashtra, it has led to some element of complacency and the opposition is still to get its act together. In that situation, I dont see many political contentious issuesbeing raised in the Parliament ona regular basis. It will be a relatively dull session barring the fact that you have got all the sugarcane farmers picketing the Parliament on day one and there by providing  Ajit Singh  his 15 seconds of glory. Q: That is important though because there are fairly liquid well-tracked sugar stocks in the equity market. Will the government have to blink on this one? A: They might have to because Uttar Pradesh is the one state which is being looked at very seriously by the government in terms of the congresss future prospect there. Already we are told today there could be an Rs 7,000 crore package for Bundelkhand in the Cabinet meeting later today. The sugarcane farmers issue is one which even Congressmen are saying that farmers need to be provided higher price for sugarcane and then this ordinance which this government is planning to bring is not acceptable.Sharad Pawarhimself leads a powerful sugar lobby inMaharashtraand he will have to a do a balancing act between the demands that the sugarcane farmers are placing on him. So you will perhaps see the government bending on the issue of sugarcane pricing. Thousands of farmers protesting low state-controlled sugarcane prices forced the postponement of the first day of the parliamentary winter session on Thursday, highlighting rural discontent over government policy. Some 5,000 farmers from Uttar Pradesh, Indias biggest cane producing state, marched to the opening of the parliament to demand higher state-set prices for sugarcane. Parts of the capital was disrupted by the protests, that were backed by opposition parties. The Congress-led coalition won re-election with a stronger mandate in May, raising hopes of quick reforms, but it has moved slowly and is still answerable to a reform-shy rural base. It faces political opposition to rapid change and deregulation as protests on Thursday highlighted. The government has given the states greater autonomy in fixing sugarcane prices, one of Indias biggest cash crops, in order to lift restrictions on a heavily-regulated sugar sector. But many farmers are unhappy with those state-set prices, saying they benefit sugar firms. The government has set a series of reforms ranging from the financial sector to law and order and gender equality as priorities for the winter parliament session. Investors are following whether Prime Minister  Manmohan Singh  will follow up on his pledge to push ahead with difficult financial reforms, particularly in the insurance and pension sectors. The state government has fixed the price the mills must pay to farmers at Rs 165-170 (USD 3.55-USD 3.66) per 100 kg, and farmers have been seeking a higher price that corresponds more to the rise in retail prices. We demand at least Rs 215 as the cane price, Anil Singh, national secretary of the National Alliance of Farmers Associations, told Reuters. Sugar output in Uttar Pradesh is likely to fall below estimates as the weakest monsoon in more than three decades has hit sucrose content in cane. As Pakistanis face an acute shortage of sugar, some families have found an easily available alternative to sweeten their tea: instead of a spoonful of sugar, they dissolve sweets in their tea. Shaikh Kashif, an embroiderer for a boutique in Karachi, said his favourite was a  Cadbury  Eclair. We cant live without tea so we had to do something, said Kashif, 27, from his small workshop in an upmarket city neighbourhood. It just costs a rupee (Pakistan rupee) per candy and is easier to get these days than sugar, he said. Pakistan is facing a shortage of more than 1 million tonnes of sugar largely because of a poor crop of sugarcane. Supplies have been particularly scarce since last month when surging prices led to a Supreme Court order to millers to sell sugar at Rs 40/kg (48 U.S. cents), compared with the then-market price of about Rs 46/kg. Government attempts to implement the court decision have led to confusion, sparking even higher market prices. Authorities are trying to get cheap supplies out to shoppers but sugar has almost disappeared at main retail markets in Karachi. Where it is available, it sells for as much as Rs 70 a kg. Thats not a problem for Kashif who said the sweets he put in his tea gave it a chocolaty taste. Some in my family didnt like that so theyre using a local candy which melts easily when you put it in a hot cup of tea, he said. We had to think of something to replace sugar and its worked for us. SOCIAL IMPACT ON SUGAR INDUSTRY Sugar Industry in India Indian sugar industry is the 2nd largest agro-industry with approximately 50 million sugarcane farmers and a large number of agricultural laborers (7.5% of the rural population) involved in sugarcane cultivation and ancillary activities. Though consumption of sugar in India has been growing at a steady rate of 3%, and is currently at 23.1 million tones, per capita consumption at 18 Kg (lower than world average of 22 Kg) indicates potential upside from a demand standpoint. Raw Material (Sugarcane) n India, sugarcane is the key raw material, planted once a year during January to March. It is the major cost driver for the production of sugar. It being an agricultural crop is subject to the unpredictable vagaries of nature, yielding either a bumper crop or a massive shortfall in its cultivation from year to year Industry Structure About 50% of the sugar capacity is controlled by Cooperatives Public sector mills. There are 566 sugar mills installed in the country, of which about 100 (mostly cooperatives) are not in operation. Almost half of the operational sugar cooperatives are in Maharashtra alone. Though most private players have been moving towards larger and integrated complexes, most cooperatives are still much smaller in capacity, and are standalone sugar mills. This has resulted in their becoming uncompetitive as compared to private mills. Government Policies Sugar has historically been classified as an essential commodity and has been regulated across the value chain. The heavy regulations in the sector artificially impact the demand-supply forces resulting in market imbalance Sensing this problem, since 1993 the regulations have been progressively eased. The key regulatory milestones include de-licensing of the industry in 1998 and the removal of control on storage and distribution in 2002. Value drivers Economical impact UP sugar mills agree to pay Rs 205-210 a quintal for cane  Sugar mills in Uttar Pradesh have offered to pay Rs 205-210 a quintal of cane for the ongoing 2009-10 crushing season. This is against the state advised price (SAP) of Rs 165-170 a quintal. The UP Sugar Mills Association (UPSMA) had on November 14 agreed to pay Rs 180 a quintal for regular cane and Rs 185 for early varieties. When this failed to enthuse growers, the mills announced an additional Rs 10 as incentive, taking the effective cane price to Rs 190-195. On Sunday last (November 29), they offered a further increase of Rs 10, translating into a price of Rs 200-205 a quintal. But these sweet offers failed to placate the growers, particularly in the western UP belt and the stir by farmers of the region culminated in a hugely attended sit-in at Shamli in Muzaffarnagar. On Tuesday (December 1), all the mills in western UP have accepted a new rate of Rs 205-210 per quintal. Following this offer, the farmers have also called off their stir and the industry hopes crushing will resume in full swing. The state has a total of 132 running sugar mills, out of which 90 are private mills. Last year mills in UP paid a SAP of Rs 140-145 a quintal. However, with more than 100 per cent jump in sugar prices due to a 43% drop in production in the year ended September 2009, farmers have been pressing for a higher price of Rs 280 per quintal. Sugar output in India, the worlds second largest producer, may fall short of the earlier estimate of 16 million tonnes in 2009-10 season. Sugar prices have touched Rs 40 a kg in the cities and with the hike in sugarcane prices, retail prices of sugar is bound to go up further. UP sugar mills enter price war to procure cane Low availability of cane and higher price realisation force mills to pay more. Low availability of sugarcane and high price realisation have forced a majority of sugar mills in Uttar Pradesh (UP) to enter into a price war quite early in the 2009-10 season (October-September). The mills are paying Rs 10 a quintal higher than the price of Rs 190-195 a quintal agreed unanimously by the private millers last week. UP is the second-largest sugar producing state after Maharashtra and top producers such as Bajaj Hindusthan and Balrampur Chini have all their operations in the state. A majority of sugar mills in western UP districts such as Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, Saharanpur are now paying a price of Rs 200-205 a quintal for sugarcane. The state government had announced a state advised price (SAP) of Rs 165-170 a quintal. However, farmers association in the state led by the likes of Mahendra Singh Tikait and V M Singh have been protesting and seeking a price of Rs 280 a quintal since sugar realisation has moved to a record of Rs 33-34 a kg. Last year mills had paid a SAP of Rs 140-145 a quintal. However, with more than a 100 per cent jump in sugar prices due to a 43 per cent

Alcohol and its Effects on Social Behavior Essay -- Drinking Alcohol B

Alcohol and its Effects on Social Behavior The characters in Ernest Hemingway’s novel, The Garden of Eden, exhibit an interesting social behavior throughout the story in their frequent consumption of various types of alcoholic beverages. The character David Bourne especially seems to have one or two drinks often before ordering food when out at the French cafà © near their hotel, regardless of the present time of day. The behavior of these characters, by modern society’s standards, places them in a class of heavy social drinkers, but this may not have been Hemingway’s intention at the time when the novel was written. It is most appropriate, therefore, to discuss the specific drinks mentioned in the text independently of the specific situation, but simply in the context of class and society in general. The established historian and literary critic Hippolyte Taine once made the valid observation, â€Å"Alcohol is the literature of the people† (Haine 100). She uses this idea to show the strong correlation between a simple commodity and its profound effects on the people and issues of a larger society. The emergence of frequent alcohol consumption is first seen in the upper classes and royalty because these people not only have the time to devote to this form of leisure, but they possess the money to finance these habits as well (Haine). This image of a luxurious aristocratic lifestyle appeals to all other members of society who, in turn, wish to emulate this behavior themselves. The idea of alcohol use as a fashion is the stimulus that causes its practice to spread throughout all levels of society. The upper class may be where the practice of regular alcohol consumption originates, but the working class is the group of peo... ...Reviews.com Inc. 16 Nov 2002 . This article is a post by someone who has tried the alternate (legal) versions of absinthe and it provides descriptions of the drink and some of its effects. Haine, W. Scott. The World of the Paris Cafà ©: Sociability among the French Working Class, 1789-1914. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. This book is extremely interesting and helpful because it provides insight into how drinking was different for members of each class and the trends in social behavior. Murdock, Catherine Gilbert. Domesticating Drink: Women, Men, and Alcohol in America, 1870-1940. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998. This book provided a resource on the traditional gender roles of alcohol consumption and the changes that were seen overtime in these positions.

The Importance Of Reputation English Literature Essay

Repute is really of import when one needs to cognize whom to swear and what judgements can be made about a ground. The repute of three characters in the drama Othello by Shakespeare dramas of import function in finding the eventual consequences of the drama. The terminal consequences of the drama would hold been different if Iago had non been known as a honorable individual or Othello non being a baronial military adult male and besides if Cassio ‘s repute had non been tarnished. Iago himself states that, â€Å" repute is an idle and most false infliction, frequently got without virtue and lost without meriting † ( Havoc, par.7 ) . Reputation would convey approximately good judgement, both in the determinations made and those others makes about a given character. A hero is person who confronts issues beyond the societal regulations, who in their physical journey brushs cardinal conditions of life and understands The ‘Epic of Gilgamesh ‘ screens every facet of great heroic literature, that is antic geographicss and alien characters ; boring pursuits and difficult journeys ; winning conflicts with monsters, supernatural existences and natural forces. Literatures have been used throughout history of civilisation to show a assortment of cultural issues. The episode of â€Å" Mesopotamian Noah, † as is apparent with, the character Utnapishtim, who was advised to construct a great boat and make full it with animate beings and his household to get away implosion therapy, has been related to scriptural ‘Noah ‘ and therefore the ‘Epic of Gilgamesh ‘ has received scriptural critics ( eNotes.com, par.1 ) . The societal construction and values of society can be seen throughout the actions of Gilgamesh and his people. This heroic brings forth the perceptual experience of the ancient Sumerian and Babylonian civilizations. Gilgamesh is shown to be fighting against the Gods, natural forces and his ain mortality and this reflects his one ‘s attempts to happen remainder in society and existence.Importance of ReputeGilgamesh was a strong powerful leader who was more of God and stronger than any other male monarch alive. He treated his topics harshly and unkindly. This made people to inquire the God of Uruk to make an opposing swayer who has equal strengths to Gilgamesh so that they might even be left to rest in peace. Enkidu was so created and he had frightening characteristics that destroyed his repute and he was referred to as ‘wild adult male ‘ , this made Gilgamesh to chasten him and even put off his matrimony with the goddess of love. Gilgamesh was concerned about his repute after contending with Enkidu, they became friends and travel together for battles, he aimed at set uping ageless repute stating he wants to â€Å" go forth behind a name that endures † ( pg.71 ) . Gilgamesh would acquire ready for the journey by offering sacrices to Shamash so that he may acquire loyal friends, obtain arms and he besides sought intercession from her female parent who had so adopted Enkidu. In the heroic poem of Gilgamesh, the Gods possessed great powers that showed societal values that were adored in the society. Gilgamesh was characterized by military nature and strong societal standing for the people he represented and these revealed qualities of a good warrior that is valued within society. In the beginning of the narrative, Gilgamesh was a bad male monarch, but subsequently he became determined, sing his internal feelings and questioned his ageless mortality. It was the power of Gods in the society, but non the population, that redirected his actions so that he may non harm the people. Gilgamesh being a brave warrior, his people had assurance in him and they would contend dauntlessly and would emerged masters with everyone they fight with. They fought with a mighty animal Humbaba and defeated him ; this shows that even such a mighty enemy was still no lucifer for Gilgamesh ‘s extreme accomplishment. It is said that, â€Å" Gilgamesh ‘s folk is unconquerable, and aroused by little abuses † , ( par. 2 ) . In this respect Gilgamesh ‘s virtuousnesss as a amazing leader is revealed. He proved his accomplishment of a warrior and leading ability beyond imaginativeness when he rws the boat across the sea faster than a boat adult male. For one to be a good leader, one has to turn out their powerfulness and ability to support their people ever. Gilgamesh revealed this throughout the full heroic poem. His intelligence is shown when he sought advise and reding from his female parent â€Å" who is wise AND worries non † ( Tramp, par4 ) . His repute as a leader who sought no celebrity but fought for whole his land is a true feature of a altruistic leader. Reputation plays an of import function in the drama Othello that was written by Shakespeare. It is apparent that Iago would n't hold been able to make what he did without such a good repute of honestness. In fact Othello praises him and because of Iago ‘s repute Othello takes cautiousness when he is speaking. In the drama Iago deceives Othello and all people through his repute. In the other manus, Othello engages his repute in every scene of the drama, besides the varying of Cassio ‘s repute plays an of import function in the drama. Othello revealed no nonsensical military general characters that finally lead to decease of Desdemona. When he heard from Iago that Cassio and Desdemona were rip offing on him, he became highly disquieted and dying that he could n't believe clearly and wanted to kill her. He said that â€Å" I will chop her into musss! Cheat on me? † ( 123 helpme.com, par.3 ) . Othello could n't believe that Desdemona could lead on him and cheated on hi m. Because of his repute, he was unable to throw words on her in that state of affairs. He kept choler in his bosom since he knew that his repute is traveling to be tarnished when it comes out that his married woman was unfaithful to him. Reputation meant a batch to him and this is shown when he said that â€Å" for nothing I did in hatred, but all in award † ( 123helpe.com, par3 ) . His repute was his hoarded wealth in relation to his place as a general and regard that he had from ranked below and above him. At the terminal of the drama Othello died while seeking to maintain his repute. In the drama, lago ‘s repute is exact antonym of his true nature. His repute was being an honest adult male. He made all people to believe that he was honest as it is written of him as â€Å" O, that ‘s an honest fellowaˆÂ ¦ , you advice me wellaˆÂ ¦ goodnight honest lago † ( 123helpme.com, par.2 ) . This made Othello to declare his trueness and friendly relationship to him. He would wholly do everybody to strongly believe that he had really good personal qualities and honest individual. Therefore, he frequently uses these qualities to derive favours stating that Satans would demo good characters foremost before their inner characters are revealed. Through all these, Lago was able to lead on Othello and made him believe that Desdemona was truly unfaithful to him. Desdemona ‘s inexperienced person and pure repute is destroyed by Iago when he had Othello to get down doubting her. His repute protected him from being confronted by Othello throughout the scene. No 1 could doubt Iago, even if it of all time came out that he was puting up to destruct Othello, Desmona and Cassino. He ever controlled Othello ‘s head utilizing his repute to carry through whatever he intends to make. Because of his honest repute, he was able to damage Cassio ‘s repute and eventual decease of Desdemona and Othello. Throughout the scene, Cassio changes his repute frequently and these took a major portion in the drama. He is shown as an honest, loyal and merely soldier but his repute comes to a arrest when he gets drunk. Cassio depended on repute in order to carry through his missions, but when he was lowered from his place, his behaviour changed and he was afraid of Othello. He said that â€Å" I have lost the immortal portion of myself, and what remains is beastly † ( 123helpme.com, par.4 ) . His repute was spoiled after being demoted and Othello was non impressed and could non keep him as a friend any longer. Because of his inebriation, Iago was able to convert Othello that he had personal businesss with Desdemona and were rip offing on him. Othello told Casino that â€Å" I will do thee an illustration † , ( 123helpme.com, par.4 ) and these openly revealed to him that he no longer earns trust from Othello, his friend. As he tried to decide his differences with Othello, Iogo woul d come in and disrupts everything. Iago made spoiled repute of Cassio has his stepping rock in carry throughing all his programs. Oedipus being the chief character is said to hold met a tragic destiny Oedipus is portrayed as a roseola, unreasonable and overly confident male monarch, who is ever seeking to maintain up with his ineluctable destiny. In the beginning of the drama he is described as a great male monarch and a swayer of the people of Thebes. When the people of Thebes came to him with a job, he would work out it being a determined male monarch. When the metropolis went through jobs he was eager to work out it in order to derive repute and go a hero, he ever looked for such chances. The people appreciated his illustriousness as a male monarch and would ever turn to him to happen a solution to their jobs. Oedipus from the beginning is considered as a great famous person and a national leader of a province during the clip of crisis. Thebes was attacked by pestilences and they believed it was a manifestation of the fatal forces of the existence they lived. Because of his wisdom in covering with adventures ome things, people loved, acknowledged and respected him. They told him that â€Å" we judge you as the first of work forces in what happens in this life and in our interactions with the Gods † ( Johnston, par. 20 ) . He was a individual who had self confidence and assurance and ready to confront any crisis taking it has his ain alone challenge. He solved the conundrum of the sphinx, he revealed his intelligence. His ruin is as a consequence of incidents beyond his control, and is instead the consequence of destiny.Answers to Shakespeare ‘s OthelloOthello begins to doubt Desdemona when she asked Cassio to remain and see the manner she would near Othello, but he went off being ashamed of what he did the old twenty-four hours. Iago who was with Othello said, â€Å" Hour angle! I like non that! † and this made Othello have second ideas about rejecting Cassio and because of his reputes he could n't be leery about his married woman and her friend Cassio. Iago builds m ore uncertainties when he tells him that the two had been entirely together earlier. When Desdemona leaves with Emilia, Iago preceded converting Othello of her infidelity. Iago makes Othello to develop jealousness and is non a covetous adult male by nature. Iago continued to convert Othello that his married woman had deceived her male parent in get marrieding the Moor. Emilia collaborated with Iago, in roll uping the hankie that was dropped by Desdemona when she was with Othello but they came converting Othello that she was utilizing it to pass over Cassio ‘s face funguss. When Othello asked him to bring forth more grounds, he said that he overheard Cassio adverting Desdemona ‘s name in a dream and with this he could n't bring forth any grounds. Othello lost his sense of humanity as he insulted Desdemona and issued barbarian menaces to Cassio. At these scenes it was the lowest point of Othello and on the other manus, it was highest point to Iago who seemed secure in his complete victory.Difference between Othello Play and the MovieThe drama is an reading of the film in many ways. It uses the text to develop the narrative and modernizes characters to appeal to the audience. The audience sees Odin as a hoops participant and non a warrior as portrayed in the film. Racial perceptual experience is brought up in a drama as there is how barbar ian people are in Africa when Othello describes Africans as being â€Å" man-eaters that eats each other † . The subject of green-eyed monster, racial prejudice and craftiness is revealed in both the drama and film. In the drama, Rodrigo ‘s character is overdramatic, simple minded and dearly loves Desdemona. Though Rodrigo ‘s fondness seemed adolescent and included green-eyed monster, the film can non convey it out. The pick of puting differs in the drama and the film. In the film the pick of puting in respect to clip and geographic location is of a modern epoch school and environing environment portraying modern clip. This scene showed the political relations involved in high school hoops drama. The relationship of adult females ‘s characters is similar, but the difference comes in the clip and scene. The film uses the difference in the drama to stress its originality.DecisionRepute is of import in our society today has it helps everyone in doing judgements about others. The hero is more is more likely to be person who confronts destiny in a really personal mode and whose reaction to that brush serves to light for us our ain peculiar status. Gilgamesh was a strong and weather therefore being qualified as an ideal warrior. He possessed many epic qualities as powerful, unprompted, sexually aggressive, desiring to suppress the wilderness and protect his people. Othello ‘s repute played a large function in the result of the drama and in portion caused Desdemona ‘s decease and his ain. Cassio was a loyal individual to be a friend and he ever followed orders he was given. Oedipus took every challenge with himself and he had a powerful sense of excellence and ego worth. Since he had a high respect for himself, after salvaging the metropolis when many others could non, people came to him because of his qualities.

Are teachers underpaid

Underpaid? Are school teachers underpaid? I believe that American school teachers are. With the rising cost of college going to school to be a teacher is slowly becoming a less and less sought out Job. Even if perspective teachers pursue their dreams and graduate and get a teaching Job, they are almost indefinitely going to need a night Job to keep them ahead of their bills. The summer is an even worse since teachers have no source of income. Really the only way a teacher can obtain a decent raise is by getting a master's degree.Even then the teachers that do that might not be able to over the cost of the student loans and the regular bills. School teachers in Finland are paid like doctors and are respected twice as much. The country of Finland does this because they recognize teachers as the sole educators of the next generation of politician's, scientist, and engineers. So for those and many other reasons I believe that American school teachers are underpaid. â€Å"Public-school t eachers earn less in wages on average than non-teachers with the same level of education. † The typical starting salary of a teacher in Iowa is about thirty-three thousand dollars.An average home cost more than that. So that raises the question, how can teachers afford to pay a mortgage when then can barely pay for the house? With the rising interest rate it makes making the payments even more stressful and can drag is out for longer than you originally planned. To make the payments on the bills most teachers will pick up a night Job and use that to cover extra expenses such as doctor visits and other miscellaneous things. Most teachers will pick up little Jobs like clerks or waiting tables at night and even throughout the weekend if necessary.The thing that teachers need to do is learn how to manage their money and start small and accumulate things over time. This is the best advice that somebody can give a teacher. This gives them the confidence to pursue their career withou t having to worry about being afraid of the income in the future. If they Just start in an apartment right out of college then there is nothing to be worried about because that is what most college graduates do. If they are married on the other hand the spouse is going to need to be able to help with the mortgage so that they can both tackle it together.College is a wonderful thing it gives you so much more out of your career then you could possibly imagine. College is also something that can ruin you financially if you don't get the right Job right away, causing them in a worst case scenario to file bankruptcy. This is why going back to college can be a risky call toa teacher that is already struggling to make ends meet and is thinking about furthering their degree to try to make more money. The typical college student graduates in about 4 years, and then add the master's degree program and that's another 4 years and if you want yourPhD that is even more time to be taking out stude nt loans. up to an almost unpayable amount. You need a very high paying Job to be able to pay those loans off or you could be paying them for the rest of your life. So say you go to college and everything is great. You apply for many Jobs and you think you have a very good resume. And they go to the interview and you believe everything goes great and you have all the confidence in the world. As they await the call back their phone rings and they look at the I. D it says that it is the office of the school. They answer and they give you the news.This can either go two ways, they get the Job, or they don't. Well what if you don't get the Job? Then what are they supposed to do Just let all those years of college go to waste? This is what many teachers are faced with when they get that fateful call and they get the bad news. The moral here is there is always a chance you might not get the Job. You might have to have another Job to hold you over while you search for the perfect Job for y ou. If they do go to college and they get all the degrees necessary to get that top notch job. Even go above and beyond with the schooling and get their PhD to really solidify hat they deserve the Job.With all those years of schooling you come out with three main things, these include degrees, experience, and debt. The main thing people acquire of the course of college is a lot of debt. Then they have to pay those after six months of not being in school. What if no school is hiring around them or if they didn't do enough internships. Then they are going to have a problem paying those loans back. The interest of those loans are at an all-time high and they are rising yearly that's why some students don't even go to school or go for those low paying jobs. Most teachers apply for the loan forgiveness.They get this if they teach in the state they got certified in for five years. While teaching in the state. When most college students think about the future they don't imagine staying in their home state for all of their lives that's Just the way that most young people are. This will geta lot of people to stay no matter what and that means there will always be competition for a teaching Job. The teaching profession will always be one that you can count on being here. Getting that loan forgiveness is probably the best thing you can do as a student ooking for a Job out of college.Now with this argument there are people that say teachers are actually paid enough. This goes with saying that they are employed in a different country. College professors make a lot more than the average high school or elementary school teacher. Teachers in England earn about four thousand more than their counter parts. (Tim Ross 1) This accounts for the education gap that compares the other countries to the United States. They also have about 100 hours less of teaching. ) This snows that teachers don't need all that time in school to learn subjectsThis also keeps the students from losing in terest in what they are being taught. Teachers in other countries are mostly about 40 years or older. Teachers who get a master's degree will earn about 5 percent more than a teacher who doesn't. This can be a lot to someone who didn't get a very good starting salary. This can be a driving factor to go those two years in graduate school and take on those student loans. With added experience you can add a lot of boosters to your salary. If your class had good test scores and how well they did on standardized test.That is what they Judge you for how much they are willing to pay you for your services. So there is a really good opportunity to get a really good salary, but that is only if you have tons of experience and are a very good teacher. Teachers in other countries a very highly regarded even as high as doctors and judges. They get this way because they are seen as the teachers of the country. The people that do their Jobs today might not be able to do them tomorrow and that is wh y the teachers are so important to them. They teach the people that will take the current employees place when they can no longer work.So this paper talks about a lot of things. With those things are teachers are not paid enough to live in the Americas. They cannot afford the many things in life that you. So this is a call to the government to think about getting teachers a higher salary since they are state employees. To the public I say this. Who are you to blame the teacher for your child failing a class. Maybe they Just don't pay attention to the teacher that is in front of the class. So maybe you need to respect the teacher to make sure that your child gets a better education to be more successful in their lives. comp