Economic Sustainability, Changing Labor Market through the EU Policies Literature review

Financial Sustainability, Changing Labor Market through the EU Policies - Literature audit Example Writing that bears conversations on manageability as speculation approaches will be handled by this survey, alongside key and long haul advancements in the EU district. It will likewise be applicable to cover writing tending to the motivations behind EU and the normal interests maintained by its part countries. This will be associated with the writing on the multiplier impact model. The assets found for this domain are chiefly books, which have been proper materials that empowered accomplishing the destinations of introducing and examining ideas identified with the study.The European Union (EU) makes an effect on national political and regulatory frameworks, just as household legislative issues and arrangements. The exploration viewpoint of â€Å"Europeanization† brings into center that Europe assumes a critical job in the standard episodes of the political existence of legislators, national administrators, and the more extensive open, blowing outside air into old discussion s of European mix, strategy making, and European administration (Lenschow Andrea 2004, p. 56). The move of political obligations and conceivably, open devotion to the European level has inferred a general debilitating of national state structures, while there are a few discussions asserting that European-level courses of action have reinforced national governments (Lenschowâ 2004,â p. 56). The different medicines of European and national legislative issues were finished by the idea of staggered administration in which the large number of political and cultural entertainers is viewed as likely pieces of a unique system while the vertical degrees of administration are interlinked in the idea of staggered administration. The EU administration structure has a top-down procedure, which creates an effect on the residential structures of EU part states (Cowles, et al., 2001 in Lenschowâ 2004, p. 57). The top-down effect of the EU on its part states proposes reorienting the bearing an d state of legislative issues such that EU political and financial developments and elements become a piece of the bigger authoritative procedure of strategy making (Lenschow, 2004, p. 58). There additionally seems a level exchange of ideas and arrangements between part conditions of the EU, where EU assumes an encouraging job for between state moves. Albeit a between state move or dispersion exists among states through flat, state-to-state move forms occurring freely of the presence of the EU, the EU gives the field to between state correspondence or help of such level procedures. It accept that the EU is the direct or the circuitous supplier of a vital motivation for residential change in that it speaks to a lot of rules and a digressive system prompting household change. Consequently, the EU fills in as a facilitator of talks and rules in the political field of the district between and among part states.

Good and Evil in The Devil and Tom Walker :: The Devil and Tom Walker

Goodâ and Evil in The Devil and Tom Walker  The idea of malice in the short story The Devil and Tom Walker can be appeared from multiple points of view, by Irvings' imagery. In the short story, Tom Walker represents all of humanity by depicting him as being corrupt and underhanded. When there is an expectation to pulverize, at that point we get an alternate degree of scorn. We see that great versus abhorrent has been a subject that is omnipresent in numerous compositions. The story The Devil and Tom Walker is a tale about a man who carries on with a corrupt existence of covetousness. Walker lives in a lush region, where it is grave, and calm zone of New England. Walker runs into the fallen angel and sees that the fiend is chopping down somebody else's timber. The abhorrence is appeared, by the fallen angel by they way he is planning the homicide of a Minister Peabody. Walker mulls over this gathering with the fallen angel, and perceives that detestable is riches is the main goal for him. Tom Walker's better half, was loaded up with rapacity and needed to obtain the gold that the fallen angel had guaranteed. Walker hadn't obliged to his better half, and because of his significant other's intense greed set out on her own excursion to gain that gold. She had been slaughtered as a result of her eagerness, and absence of ethics for self-thriving, which brought about her demise. This is a significant case of the utilization of malice inside The Devil and Tome Walker. Walker is told from the villain that he could gain cash through usury and coercion. Walker focuses on usury and makes a liberal entirety of cash. Walker has no atonement for such a wrongdoing furthermore, proceeds to his usury. The wickedness gathers in the story as Walker aggregates increasingly more cash, coming about because of more and

How Customer Intimacy Helps Boost Sales

How Customer Intimacy Helps Boost Sales Typical corporate organizational structure is anti-customer intimacy. Why?Organizations are built wrong. It is as simple as that. Decision making, internal communication, power balance… everything is upside down.And it almost feels that this imbalance is invisible, before the company actually tries to introduce true customer intimacy.Usually, customers will be offered a product, based on what the company can produce. They will be offered pre-sales information as much as the company can spare, and the resources the company disposes for support will go as far as the budget, the scope of the company and the heavy time- or score- based strategies for support evaluation allow.Decisions will be based not on what customers require, but on what the company thinks they need. And when customers try to reach out, they will either speak to Sales, or to Support representatives that can’t really help them, other than escalate their issue upwards.And we all know that if it has already come to t he ‘I need to speak to your manager’ part, customer satisfaction has gone through the window.If a company truly wants to achieve customer intimacy they need to build a relationship with the customers. And that means the employees who work directly with them need to be the most powerful, most knowledgeable, best-paid, best trained people in the company. Which they are usually not.No decision should be taken without the involvement of Customer Care, because they are the ones that know the customer best.And only when the company is oriented towards the needs of the customers,   can they actually reap the benefits â€" a relationship with the customer that involves loyalty, trust, personal involvement and a large financial difference.WHAT IS CUSTOMER INTIMACY ACTUALLY?Customer intimacy is a marketing strategy. With it, the organization aims at getting closer, almost ‘intimately’ close, to the customer.Customer intimacy is, first, thought to help create better products, since the seller knows better the requirements of the customer and tailors the features of the goods or services to the demand. Each version of the product is adapted to the constructive feedback of the customer base and is therefore better and better.Second, it helps with providing better customer support. Focusing more on the customer story and their needs, allows for better problem solving post-purchase.Third, offering a personalized product and experience increases loyalty in the customer. Engagement is higher, because the base feels their feedback will be listened to and creates the impression the product satisfaction will be increased.HOW TO INVEST IN CUSTOMER INTIMACY?Customer intimacy usually sounds well to decision makers before they see the bill.It is important to have the entire picture and have a good strategy how introducing customer intimacy will look for your organization because if you want it to penetrate all levels of the organization and have ultimately the best results, it might end up being a slow, gradual, expensive process.Organizational structureCustomer intimacy is largely in the hands of employees who have face-to-face communication with end customers. Therefore complex organization structure with multiple levels of management loses its meaning. Customer intimacy is best delivered from companies with a flat structure.Moreover, customer care employees should be given higher power. ‘I want to speak to the manager’ will not fit there. ‘Lower level’ employees should be able to take management decisions, including financial decisions. In other words, ‘lower level’ must go higher.Obviously, with great power comes great responsibility.An organization who aims for customer intimacy would have to have a careful recruitment procedure and test for customer interaction preconceptions. A longer training period should be involved, including shadowing of experienced employees and learning about how to use the higher power to achieve ultimate custo mer satisfaction.With such organizational changes some departments need to be enlarged, others will lose their significance. Employee evaluation cannot be time-bound or financially-bound. Trainings, workshops, simulations and other education sessions must become a regular event to teach employees how to deal with atypical situations.Product developmentOnce the organizational structure has been adapted to the strategy of customer intimacy, next comes the product development process.From conceptualizing the product type and purpose, to designing its features and form, to coming up with its appearance and presentation, and price, customer input must be the first element to factor in.It sounds like common sense, but in practice, it is rare that customer opinion is actually acquired in advance. It takes resource and strategy to assure there is sufficient customer contribution.Johnson Johnson are a perfect example of an organization that does customer intimacy right. The company recogniz es the power of the specialists that work directly with customers. In 1983 the president of Vistakon, a JJ company received a call from an employee in another subsidiary in Denmark saying that a local ophthalmologist had created disposable contact lenses that were a popular idea among customers.Four years later, Vistakon had bought the rights over the products and were offering it to their clients. In less than 12 months of selling the product, Vistakon had surpassed serious competition, such as Bausch Lomb, who never quite caught up on that market.Customer experienceOne rule of customer intimacy is to be able to engage the customer at all times â€" at all steps of the process towards making a purchase.And the most important step in that process is the exact time of the purchase. A retail company that aims at customer intimacy must be ready to invest in the amount of available employees to all customers.Beauty consultants at Sephora engage with customers and offer them free matchin g to their perfect colors, free makeup and even free makeover.At Victoria secret, employees can help women chose the right size and style for their lingerie.At Home Depot employees are encouraged to help customers find the best tools for their needs.None of those interactions are based on the budget the customer will spend or the amount of time the interaction will take.The employee’s only task is to build trust in the relationship with the customer.Social media presenceMore than 70% of customers who are satisfied with the customer service they have received on social media will recommend the brand to friends and family.First, a brand must create their social media presence. Make sure your profile speaks about who you are. Then have dedicated employees who will take care of your profile’s content.Diversify your releases into different types of content. Build your base. Encourage your existing customers to subscribe to your accounts and pay attention to your messages. Use incenti ves â€" games, prizes, discounts, etc.And finally, and most importantly, engage with your customers. Be inviting. Be responsive regardless of whether you receive feedback about a product you shared, request for support with a product that is not performing as expected, or just a good review.Make it a habit to strike a conversation with customers, who have just made a purchase, just left a comment, just followed you… Catch them while their attention is on you.Do not use Social media as a support channel. Yes, it can be that, but it has to be more. React to negative AND positive feedback. The positive should prevail.Case studiesNow that your organization, your products, and your social media presence are all tailored to the strategy of customer intimacy, you have gathered data for personal stories.Sharing case studies is a perfect way to tell your entire customer base the news â€" you care about them and your main goal is to help them individually to solve their problems via your pr oduct and to help them make their life better. Spend the time on the project.Create the habit to ask your customer care employees for top contacts they have good relationships with. Carefully reach out to ask those customers to help you share the good word of the progress of your exchange. Create the narrative together. Give the customer control over the final message but keep the focus on that customer satisfaction is intrinsic to the identity of your company.Diversify your stories. Make sure personalized product development, the helpful consultants, the support that goes the extra mile… all have their place under the spotlight. There is not one hero.Share your stories.Personalized offering and advertisingYou have built the ground. Now create more exposure around your product.As the next step in customer intimacy, make sure the product you have carefully built to answer to every need to your customer actually reaches them.Target uses behavioral research to analyze its customers s hopping lists and learn about its customers habits. Since habits form 45% of the decision making, Target adapts its offering depending on predictive analysis. It gives an opportunity to offer holiday discounts, tailor their offers to new parents or children, to football fans, to pet owners…Coca cola created the Share a Coke campaign to reach out to millennials, printing more than 800 names, popular for their generation, on the label. Cola later continues the same strategy with printing popular vacation destinations, just to remind the customers Coca Cola is the taste of summer. In order to determine what is popular, the company worked with user-generated content â€" users were encouraged to give proposals to a simple online database. It does not get more personal than designing your own label with the company that invented marketing.Check what it takes: Host eventsWhen you have built a healthy relationship with your customer base, all you need is to expand it.Events will give you a way to connect with your customers in person. An event can take different forms, but the essence of it is to involve interaction. Encourage your customers to bring a friend or a relative.A part of the newcomers are guaranteed to receive a recommendation of the product or service you are offering. And to pay it forward.Salesforce has reached an 80% rate of closing on new prospects from those who attended one of their city tour events.A customer meetup is a good way to involve customers in your company culture and strengthen your connection. Invest in a meetup in different location â€" another city for example â€" and with that introduce diversity in your meetings, so you can gain a loyal gathering.Host lunches, brunches and dinners for your new product releases. Offer free samples or presentations.DON’T-DO-ITS OF CUSTOMER INTIMACYEvery company can reorganize its strategy to achieve customer intimacy. The above segment goes extensively through the 7-step process to adapt your orga nization to build better relationship with your customer, to strengthen it, to nourish it long-term and to expand your customer base word-of-mouth.Every company is compatible with the strategy, but not every customer is.Interpersonal experienceEducate your employees to know when in-person customer intimacy is too much. Usually loyal customers know what they want.A regular customer will not be happy if he or she is constantly asked about how they can be helped during their shopping.And their body language and actions will show it.MeetingSome customers will respond well if you ask them to meet in person to discuss their needs, to offer them exclusive pricelists and show them personal attention. Some will not. Your requests for a meeting in person cannot be repetitive and insistent.Create a strategy to discuss with your customers how involved they want you to be at first contact and carefully keep record of their wishes. Your sales representative being insistent on a get-together will lose customers for you.NewslettersOffer different levels of engagement especially when said engagement involves automated processing. A great example would be your newsletter. Some customers may develop tolerance towards your constant reaching out, or even full-on rage.It is a legal requirement that a customer is able to unsubscribe from being contacted. Don’t do the small print stunt. Allow the user to cancel. It is their right.HOW CUSTOMER INTIMACY HELPS BOOST SALESWhen a brand has reached true customer intimacy, the customer feels more confident in each and every step of their purchase:Choosing against the competitionIf you have gone through all steps listed in the first segment of this article, your fame will speak for you. You have empowered your employees to take management level decisions to make customers happy.You have created and told the stories of satisfied customers and have shared them on your social media. You are engaging with users in different platforms. You are getting a great overall exposure.Amazon is definitely a successful business model, but it has been under fire from relentless competition from the Chinese market. One of the factors that recently contributed to a boost in its popularity is the personal involvement from its CEO Jeff Bezos. The chief executive has announced that he takes care that issues sent to him on his personal email @amazon.com are ultimately resolved.The thing I have noticed is when the anecdotes and the data disagree, the anecdotes are usually right. (…) We talk about it, customer obsession, as opposed to competitor obsession (…) If your whole culture is competitor-obsessed, its hard to stay motivated if you are out in front. Whereas customers are also unsatisfied, always discontent, always want more. So no matter how far you get in front of competitors, you are still behind your customers. They are always pulling you along,Choosing between diversity of productsConsultation during purchase can be priceless. When the customer is matched to the right product that has several positive consequences for your brands.Higher customer satisfaction. Immediately the customer is more likely to return.Satisfaction with employee interaction increases the chance that the customer recommends the product or service to a friend or a relative.A customer is likely to share information about themselves â€" do not lose that information. Train your employees to report and process that data for product development.A customer is likely to share information about the competition. They have done their research and can tell you what they could not find with your competitor, or why sometimes they prefer them. Do not lose that data either.Customer experience â€" using the productWhen the user has a closer relationship with the seller, they trust they are using the best products.Using a new shampoo, the customer will give it more time to see the better effects. Going to a hotel from a trusted chain, the customer wil l have better relationship with the staff.Experiencing a digital service, the user will be more confident in its features.When it comes to the digital, confidence is particularly important, because there are aspects of the service the customer cannot experience first-hand â€" the security measures in the code, for example.SupportWhen the customer trusts the brand and believes they have been recommended the right product their cooperation when they need support will be more productive.If you ask any support representative they will tell you the worst aspect of their job is dealing with unhappy customers. Good customer-support relationship, all else aside, will improve employee retention.Long-term support representatives and experienced employees overall can offer deep-level support for additional pricing.A customer, loyal to the brand, will be more likely to use those services and bring additional profits to the company â€" they will be more trusting of the competence of the support to resolve the issue, and that the situation actually requires the extra time they are paying for.Customer reviewsIn the digital age the customer has quick and fast access to the opinions and experiences of their peers.The message that comes from the brand’s website, their advertising and even their social media loses its meaning when they can see the average rating of the brand or the product and compare it to the competition with a few clicks.We can check product rating over multiple platforms. Every star in the rating matters when the customer filters out the products by rating, they will only click on the first result.When it comes to online reviews, customers are more likely to share their experience if they are unhappy. Your customer intimacy strategy can switch this imbalance in your favor.When you have a personal relationship with your customer they will feel personally invested in the success of your company. They will take it on themselves to recommend, to like, to shar e your content, to get their friends and family to try and receive impeccable customer treatment.Your good reviews will swamp the bad reviews. Your ratings will hit the rooftop and with that come sales.Subscription for productIf your advertisement is good and your interpersonal experience during the sale is satisfactory, if your price is right, you may get a user to purchase your product once.But if your product has been created, tailored to the customer needs, if your consultants have made sure have recommended the correct product, if the relationship with support is flawless, you have true customer intimacy. And customer intimacy creates, in various ways, subscription.If a customer has purchased the wrong shade of foundation for her skin color at a drugstore, they will only purchase the product once, even if they do not return it. If a beauty consultant at Sephora has matched her to the right shade and got personal with the customer, they will purchase the foundation between six a nd twelve times a year, and then maybe a lipstick and a night cream, and a mascara…Subscription mentality can increase your yearly sales from one customer between five and twenty times.Increased loyaltyIncreased loyalty is the ultimate goal of any organization that needs to boost its sales. Because now it does not just involve rational choice. It involves passion for a brand that you believe in.Increased loyalty in one customer increases their budget to spend with that brand. They will do repetitive sales of the same products and variations or entire collections including said product.They will recommend the brand to friends and family, and to strangers, via social media and online ratings and reviews.They will fight for the image of the brand and will be forgiving during times of public relations disasters.They will feel personally involved with the success of the organization.CONCLUSIONMany organizations will tell you they have an impeccable relationship with their customers.‘ Yes, we tailor our products to what our customers need.’’Yes, we truly listen to customer feedback.’’Yes, we have high levels of customer satisfaction.’’Yes, our customer support truly goes out of their way to work on your issue.’Unfortunately, more often than not it is a lie, or, at best, a delusion.True customer intimacy requires organizational changes, investments in training and education, a shift in the balance of power between organizational levels.And when, and only when, a company is performing on its strategy of customer intimacy and they do it right, customers feel personally invested in the brand.They will never forget to reach for their favorite product, to recommend it to a friend, to subscribe to regular purchases online, to attend events and to contribute to the image of the brand.And so, it is worth it.

The Eschatology Of John Wesley - 2000 Words

The Eschatology of John Wesley By Jeff Potter Eschatology, or the study of the end of all things, often becomes a central component of Christian theology regardless of the denomination. Perhaps this stems from the finite nature of our minds, our inability to truly understand an eternal future, forcing us to yearn for some kind of end point that we can wrap our minds around. Perhaps it stems from a fear of the unknown, a desire to know what lies beyond our present reality after our physical death. Perhaps it is both of these things as well as others swirling around in our minds grasping at cryptic truths as we attempt to rationalize our faith in the unseen. Whatever the reason, eschatology is an important aspect of the Christian faith often understood to be pointing to the ultimate goal of the faith. For John Wesley eschatology provides a lens for all theology and is a present realization of the Kingdom of God which is yet to fully come. Within the broad spectrum of Christian traditions, eschatology is generally un derstood to refer to a specific moment in the future, the eschaton, when this world ends and life-eternal begins. With that understanding come some generally agreed upon events such as the Second-Coming of Jesus Christ, a final battle between Christ and the devil, the end of this world, and a final destination of heaven for those who have found salvation in Christ. Beyond that there many variations amongst Christians including timeframes, order of events, and whatShow MoreRelatedThe Resurrection Of Jesus Christ1325 Words   |  6 Pagesthroughout the service. Easter is a celebration of the already and not-yet reality that began with Christ s resurrection. Again as Jones writes, â€Å"The already of eschatology is the present-tense reality that began with the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ and continues right up to the present moment. The not-yet of eschatology is the future-tense reality of the kingdom come in fullness, viability and power.†2 Around this t ension of the already and not-yet reality the doctrine of theRead More Armageddon Essay4482 Words   |  18 Pagesstrong ties to the Christian tradition but also embraces the implications of modern discoveries. Suchocki and Moltmann represent two differing approaches to the fusion of cosmic and religious eschatology; their ideas are explored here. Jà ¼rgen Moltmann Jà ¼rgen Moltmann is best known for restoring eschatology to a prominent place within Christian theology. In the wake of nineteenth century optimism, the Christian hope of a new heavens and a new earth had been declared obsolete, as humanity wasRead MoreThe Resurrection Of Jesus : Focal Point Of Christianity1301 Words   |  6 PagesAmherst: Prometheus Books, 2005. Dodd, C.H., Apostolic Preaching and Its Developments: Three Lectures with an Appendix on Eschatology and History. Grand Rapids MI: Baker Books, 1982. Dunn, James D.G. Jesus and the Spirit: A Study of the Religious and Charismatic Experience of Jesus and the First Christians as Reflected in the New Testament. Eerdmans, 1997. Edwards, William D., Wesley J. Gabel, and Floyd E. Hosmer, â€Å"On the Physical Death of Jesus Christ,† Journal of the American Medical Association,Read MoreWilliam Seymour and the Pentecostal Movement2010 Words   |  9 PagesPentecostalism traces its foundations in mid-19th century, when it was still perceived as a reaction to social and theological displeasure, especially among the lower and middle class individuals (Espinosa 68). The proponents such as Albert Benjamin, John Alexander Dowie, and Albert Simpson tried to criticize the belief of godliness and accumulation wealth propagated by the mainline denomination (Alexander 57). However, this did not cause significant attention within Christian fraternity. In the 20thRead MoreJames s Martyrdom As A Verifiable Origin For Information1892 Words   |  8 Pagespneuma in place of soma. Flavius Josephus, a Jew and an inhabitant of Rome, labored under the support of the Flavians, authored the Antiquities of the Jews which includes a passage recognized as the Testimonium Flavianum. This passage references John the Baptist and Jesus as two sacred Jewish men. Most contemporary intellectuals consider the original manuscript rewritten by Christian authors. The text references the death and resurrection of Christ: â€Å"When Pilate, upon the accusation of the firstRead MoreWhat It Takes To Follow Jesus Christ2023 Words   |  9 Pagesis priceless. Verse 27 This verse concerns the end times. The Son of Man, shown in 16:13-15, is Jesus. He will come with his angels in God’s glory and will judge all. Hagner argues that this verse is used as a â€Å"motivation for ethics† concerning eschatology. Basically, along with giving one’s life to Christ and not letting the world be a temptation, a disciple should be aware of Christ’s return to judge everyone. R.T. France articulates a similar idea. â€Å"It is worth remaining faithful even to the loss

Pictures of the Events in The Ancient Olympics

Journal Entry Free Essays

Wing evolution has been a highly debated topic in insects. Wings play a crucial role for insects since they are used to assist with collecting food, migration, fleeing from predators, and many other activities. There are three main theories that have been thoroughly researched to help explain the evolution of wings. We will write a custom essay sample on Journal Entry or any similar topic only for you Order Now These theories include the parental origin of wings, the tracheal gill theory, and the exit-endive theory. The parental origin of wings hypothesis states that wings developed from parental lobes. When insects fell on the ground, nobles first acted like a racquet so the insect can land swiftly on its feet and scurry away from predators. As nobles grew larger they developed from gliders into wings. The main evidence behind this theory is the presence of broad thoracic onto and wing like pornographic lobes on fossils Of Ephemerals, Plenipotentiary and Appropriate that show venation and articulation (Whitfield 324). The tracheal gill hypothesis postulates that wings developed from tracheae gills since both were thin, membranous and mobile. Gills first started off for being used for breathing in oxygen, then used as fins to promote locomotion, ND finally modified the spiracles which reduced water loss to permit gliding which eventually turned into flying. Wigglers supported this theory by stating that wings and legs could be found in the thorax if it was originated by exits (Whitfield 325). The exit-endive hypothesis proposes Koala-Peck’s theory about wings developed from exits that were found on many leg bases of early insects. Later, it was found that those insects also had endives. This theory was us ported by the fact that wings are originated from a structural feature that already had the necessary muscles, tendons and appendages of insects. This was later proven by the dismissal of Montana’s theory that insect’s legs are different than other arthropods legs (Whitfield 326). Live that the exit-endive theory seems the most plausible since it is most likely that wings emerged from endives and exits since those features were already present in insects. Also this theory has the most support compared to the other two theories and there are not many who oppose this theory. For the tracheal gill hypothesis to be true, the invasion of land would have to happen twice to accommodate for both insects with wings and without wings, How to cite Journal Entry, Papers

Sustainable Management of Forest

Question: Discuss about theSustainable Management of Forest. Answer: Introduction: Contemporary Sustainability Measures can Serve as the Ultimate Tool in Reviving the Balance Between Development and Environment. Human civilization has transformed in ways unimagined by the virtue of trans-global urbanization and the nature has paid the price of it. The alarmingly increasing rate of natural disasters is the ripe evidence of this emerging issue (Higman, 2013). Time has come for the society to take heed of the repercussion of uncontrolled developmental procedures that has affected the natural balance of our environment. Sustainable management of the forest can be defined as the use of forestlands and resources in a manner and rate that maintains the biodiversity, yield and regeneration capacity. (Long and Mock, 2012). This report attempts to highlight three contemporary takes to sustainable forest management and evaluate the pros and cons of it. Selection Cutting: Sustainable forest management has expanded significantly ever since its onset in the 1990s (Kant and Albert Berry, 2005). Selection cutting method aids in the managing the continued growth of several age classes of trees within a particular stand. (Hahn and Knoke, 2010). Despite having few implementation issues, there are benefits that elevates the status of selective cutting, some of them are: Uneven-aged stands usually exhibit higher level of vertical structure that is preferred by various species of birds and mammals. These stands facilitate higher carbon sequestration levels Uneven aged stands are known to produce a higher level of concentrated flow of market and nonmarket woodland resources than even aged stands (Pelleetier et al., 2017). Timber undoubtedly is a valuable and irreplaceable resource, and there will always be need for it. Selective cutting assures the discretion in uprooting trees, and ensures that the particular species has a chance to reseed itself. It also allows better yields to know which trees to log, and which ones to leave out (Higman, 2013). One example of selection cutting can be the Canadian author on alternative forestry, Merve Wilkinson (Van gadow, Pukkala and Tome, 2012). According to him, he could harvest over 1670000 board feet of wood from his own property using selective logging. Research suggests that he could elevate annual growth percentage by 10 % due to selective logging; this example itself validates the viability of the procedure (Duncker et al., 2012). Strip Cutting: Strip cutting is a method of clear cutting that explains the practice of cutting down all stems in a row that attempts to minimize the possibility of wind-throw. This natural forest management technique clear-cuts the narrow strips alternating with every harvest cycle of 40 years (Mori, Lertzman and Gungstafsson, 2016). This method has mostly been utilized in Canada and Northern Alberta in a few forest sites with black spruce boreal forests. Strip clear-cut can be of two types: Alternate strip clear cutting: This technique has two stages, the initial stage produces narrow clearcuts with leave-strips in between, the next stage is after regeneration of first-pass strips (Higman, 2013). Progressive strip clear cutting: This method is almost similar to the alternate striping with just more pass stages than the alternate method The advantages of strip clear cut might not be as much as selection cutting, some of the benefits of strip cuttings are the ease of harvesting as the method only requires harvesting by removing several strips rather than an entire stand with just the restriction of time and expense (Pelletier et al., 2017). Reduction in Road Building in Uncut Forest Areas: Deforestation has taught the world the lesson by the virtue of increasing rate of natural disasters every day. In order to generate more connected communication across the world, each and every strip of land is now connected by roads. However, road building into old growth uncut areas has more cons than pros (Higman, 2013). Different countries have different regulations upon road construction in uncut forests and all these regulations heavily depend on the societal and political aspects of the respective countries, but they all have similar objectives (Pelletier et al., 2017). The increasing rate of road kills and habitat fragmentation has prompted the authority to enforce strict regulations on woodland roadconstruction and many forest roads have been blocked in dense regions. There are some pros to the legislations, Evidence suggests that more than 1 million wild animals are killed in a day due to road accidents all over the world, reduction in road construction in the uncut forest areas will significantly decrease the road kill stats (Von Gadow et al., 2012). Habitat fragmentation is a major concern of the environmentalists and reduction in excessive road construction will reduce the severe risk of biodiversity loss due to habitat fragmentation. Studies suggest that a large number of avian species change their habitat course due to their road aversion tendencies. Reduction of road construction will also ensure a limitation in the soil erosion and will diminish the possibility of disturbance to the forest areas (Von Gadow et al., 2012). On another hand, there are certain cons to the concept as well: Forest products contribute a large chunk to the economy of the nations concerned and the lack of connectivity to the forest can serve as a hurdle in the path of proper utilization of the forest products (Brack, 2014). Timber still is the major resource of human society and the loss of connectivity to the forests will damage the timber industry drastically. The survival of indigenous population in many countries depends on the forest resources and complete disconnection from the forest will inflict profound damage to their lives (Von Gadow et al., 2012). Use of Certified Timber: Timber certification can be defined as the process that validates the timber raw material and its quality standards via sets of quality assessment procedures (Brack, 2014).. The policy has been designed to check the forest management standards of the traders and correlate their management practices to the government standards (Kitayama, 2013). The concept of forest management targets ton main sectors, certifying sustainable forestry practices that includes various sustainability practices like forest inventory planning, silviculture, harvesting, road construction regulations and certifying the product itself. Undoubtedly, the objective of timber certification is to link the consumers with environmental awareness with the products and this policy can be the ultimate tool in establishing sustainable forestry worldwide (Duncker et al., 2012). Consumers are aware of the environmental implication of excessive industrialization now more than ever; with the correct strategic approach, the certified timber policy can change the scenario, Certified timber can significantly change the purchase pattern in the customers by comparing the products on the basis of their environmental attributes (Brack, 2014). Producer behavior can also be changed with strict regulations imposed and periodic evaluations that mandates certified timber policy. The cost benefit of premium products can be raised which will benefit the producers and will encourage the producers more to adopt the certified timber policy (Brack, 2014). Many agencies are already adapting to the current market scenario and have incorporated certified timber policy in their arsenal like Australian choice timber and Vicforest. The UK based PEFC have mandated the use of certified timber policy and that has only seen positive results (Brack, 2014). Canada has also succeeded in successfully implementing certified timber policy in many sectors and many other countries have now started to follow their footsteps. Conclusion: Ecosystem runs on balance and that balance is vital for the survival of each and every species in the world. Loss of biodiversity does not just mean the extinction of particular species, it has profound effects on the survival and viability of the existing ones. The nature has already lost a large chunk due to the unwarranted human activities, and it is critical now that we start remedying those blunders. Sustainable forest management has emerged like a blessing at the time of need, which can restore the ecological balance that we have deliberately destroyed. Numerous viable and contemporary methods as mentioned above are now coming up, utilizing which we can reach the stage where the nature is no longer suffocated by the toxic fumes of development. Recommendation: This report has discussed three contemporary sustainable forest management policies and has highlighted the benefits and pitfalls of each. Theses disadvantages can be overcome by some strategic actions, such as, Silviculture is undoubtedly a flexible tool in sustainable forestry but careful action needs to be taken so that these measures are utilized without exploitations. Benefits of regulations on reduction of woodland road construction are being outweighed by the disadvantages, discretion is required that ensures optimum utilization of the forest resources without disturbing the ecosystem in any manner. Lastly, certified timber policy has emerged as a blessing in disguise with sole restriction of expense, with strategic government actions this restriction can be overcome as well. ReferenceList: Brack, Duncan., 2012. "Promoting legal and sustainable timber: using public procurement policy."Research Paper. London: Chatham House. 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